Australia and Canada are the two most popular study-and-stay destinations in the English-speaking world — and for good reason. Both offer post-study work rights that give graduates years to build careers before committing to a permanent residency application. Both have genuinely good universities. Both have large, established communities from every major Asian country. Both have functional, documented pathways from international student to permanent resident.
They are also more different than their surface similarity suggests. Australia gives Go8 graduates an immediate four-year runway of post-study work rights — more uninterrupted work time than any comparable country. Canada's Express Entry processes PR applications in months rather than years, with no per-country caps and a transparency that Australia's skilled migration system does not match. The right country depends on whether you optimise for post-study freedom or immigration speed — and on specifics like your field, your nationality, your tolerance for cold weather, and how important proximity to Asia is to your life.
This guide compares both countries across every factor that matters for international students in 2026.
The structural difference that shapes everything
Before comparing tuition tables and salary data, understanding the structural logic of each country's post-study pathway is essential.
Australia's model: maximum post-study work time, then skilled migration
Australia front-loads the benefit. Graduates receive a Temporary Graduate Visa (subclass 485) that gives them 2–4 years of unrestricted work rights — with Go8 graduates receiving the maximum 4 years regardless of degree level. During the 485, graduates can work anywhere, for any employer, in any field. The PR application comes later, through a points-based skilled migration system (subclass 189, 190, or 491) that assesses English ability, skilled work experience, age, and education.
Australia's model is generous with time but requires more active management — you must meet the points threshold for your nominated occupation, which varies by state and changes over time.
Canada's model: less work time first, faster PR
Canada's Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP) gives graduates up to 3 years of open work rights — slightly less maximum time than Australia for Go8 graduates. But after 12 months of Canadian skilled work experience, Express Entry — specifically the Canadian Experience Class — opens a pathway to PR that is processed in 6–12 months and is not dependent on occupation-specific points thresholds. The CRS score system is transparent, predictable, and has no per-country caps.
| Factor | Australia | Canada |
|---|---|---|
| Post-study work permit | 485: 2–4 years (4 for Go8) | PGWP: up to 3 years |
| Work permit type | Open — any employer, any field | Open — any employer, any field |
| PR pathway | Skilled migration points test (189/190/491) | Express Entry / Canadian Experience Class |
| PR processing time | 8–24 months after application | 6–12 months from ITA |
| PR certainty | Moderate — depends on occupation points | High — CRS-based, transparent |
| Per-country caps | No | No |
| Minimum timeline from graduation to PR | Approximately 2–4 years | Approximately 2–3 years |
Both countries are meaningfully better than the US for immigration certainty. The choice between them is about whether you want more post-study work time (Australia) or faster PR certainty (Canada).
Universities and rankings
Australia — the Go8
Australia's top research universities are grouped in the Group of Eight (Go8), which carry the most global recognition and unlock the full 4-year 485 visa.
| University | QS 2026 | City | Known For |
|---|---|---|---|
| University of Melbourne | #33 | Melbourne | Medicine, Law, Arts, Engineering |
| University of Sydney | #18 | Sydney | Medicine, Law, Business, Engineering |
| Australian National University | #30 | Canberra | Politics, Sciences, International Relations |
| University of Queensland | #40 | Brisbane | Mining, BioSciences, Business |
| University of New South Wales | #19 | Sydney | Engineering, Business, Law, Computer Science |
| Monash University | #37 | Melbourne | Pharmacy, Business, Engineering |
| University of Western Australia | #72 | Perth | Mining, Marine Science, Agriculture |
| University of Adelaide | #89 | Adelaide | Engineering, Agriculture, Medicine |
Canada — the U15
Canada's research universities are grouped in the U15, with the strongest internationally recognised names in Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal.
| University | QS 2026 | City | Known For |
|---|---|---|---|
| University of Toronto | #25 | Toronto | AI/CS, Medicine, Law, Engineering |
| UBC | #38 | Vancouver | Environmental Science, CS, Business, Forestry |
| McGill | #111 | Montreal | Medicine, Law, Engineering, Arts |
| University of Waterloo | #150 | Waterloo (near Toronto) | CS, Engineering, Mathematics, Co-op |
| University of Alberta | #111 | Edmonton | Engineering, Pharmacy, Business |
| McMaster | #178 | Hamilton | Health Sciences, Engineering |
| University of Ottawa | #213 | Ottawa | Law, Medicine (bilingual) |
Rankings summary:
- University of Sydney (#18) and UNSW (#19) rank higher globally than any Canadian university including UofT (#25)
- Australia has 4 universities in the global top 40; Canada has 2 (UofT and UBC)
- For specific subjects — CS, AI, Mathematics — University of Toronto and Waterloo challenge and sometimes beat Australian equivalents
- Both countries have genuinely strong research universities; the ranking gap is real but not enormous at the program level
💡 Go8 vs non-Go8 in Australia: the 485 visa difference changes the calculation entirely
In Australia, which university you attend affects not just your degree credential but your post-study work rights. Go8 graduates receive 4 years on the 485 visa; non-Go8 graduates in most programs receive 2 years. Over a 4-year undergraduate degree, the difference in post-study work time between studying at UNSW (#19 globally) versus a regional university is 2 additional years of unrestricted Australian work rights. This visa advantage has become a factor in university selection in a way that has no Canadian equivalent — all PGWP holders receive the same open work permit regardless of which Canadian DLI they attended.
Tuition fees: closer than expected
Undergraduate tuition
| Country / Program | Annual Fee | Duration | Total Tuition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Australia — Engineering (Go8) | AUD $45,000–$55,000 | 4 years | AUD $180,000–$220,000 |
| Australia — Business / Commerce | AUD $38,000–$48,000 | 3 years | AUD $114,000–$144,000 |
| Australia — Arts / Humanities | AUD $30,000–$38,000 | 3 years | AUD $90,000–$114,000 |
| Canada — Engineering (UofT) | CAD $60,000–$65,000 | 4 years | CAD $240,000–$260,000 |
| Canada — Engineering (UBC, McGill) | CAD $40,000–$52,000 | 4 years | CAD $160,000–$208,000 |
| Canada — Business (Rotman MBA) | CAD $58,000–$65,000/year | 2 years | CAD $116,000–$130,000 |
| Canada — Arts (McGill, UofT) | CAD $22,000–$42,000 | 4 years | CAD $88,000–$168,000 |
At current exchange rates (AUD/CAD approximately 0.90), Australia and Canada are broadly comparable in tuition cost for most programs. Canada's University of Toronto Engineering charges more than any Australian Go8 equivalent; McGill and University of Alberta charge less. For arts and humanities, Australia's 3-year bachelor's structure means total tuition is lower even if annual fees are similar.
Postgraduate tuition
| Country / Program | Annual Fee | Duration | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Australia — Master's (coursework, Go8) | AUD $35,000–$50,000 | 1.5–2 years | AUD $52,500–$100,000 |
| Australia — PhD (funded, research councils) | AUD $0–$7,500 (mostly funded) | 3.5–4 years | Low / funded |
| Canada — Master's (coursework) | CAD $22,000–$45,000 | 1–2 years | CAD $22,000–$90,000 |
| Canada — PhD (most programs funded) | CAD $0–$15,000 (typically funded with stipend) | 4–5 years | Low / funded |
For coursework master's degrees — the most common international postgraduate pathway — Australian fees are slightly higher on average but come with stronger 485 visa benefits for Go8 graduates. For research PhDs, both countries offer funded programs; Canadian stipends at top programs (UofT, UBC) are slightly higher.
Post-study work rights: the most important comparison
Australia — Subclass 485 (Temporary Graduate visa)
The 485 visa is one of Australia's most powerful drawcards for international students. It is an open work visa — no employer sponsorship, no occupation restriction, complete freedom to work anywhere in Australia.
| Graduate Type | 485 Duration |
|---|---|
| Go8 university graduate (any level) | 4 years |
| Non-Go8 bachelor's or coursework master's | 2 years |
| Non-Go8 research master's | 3 years |
| PhD (any university) | 4 years |
| Regional study bonus (some postcodes) | +1–2 years on top of base |
The 4-year 485 for Go8 graduates is the longest post-study work period available in any major English-speaking country. It gives graduates:
- Time to build Australian work experience without PR pressure
- Time for their occupation to be added to skilled migration lists
- Time to reach the points threshold needed for PR applications
- Freedom to change employers, industries, and cities without visa implications
Canada — Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP)
The PGWP is also an open work permit. Its duration is tied to program length.
| Program Length | PGWP Duration |
|---|---|
| Less than 8 months | Not eligible |
| 8 months to less than 2 years | Equal to program length |
| 2+ years (4-year degree) | 3 years |
| PhD (any length) | 3 years |
Unlike Australia, Canada does not differentiate between elite and non-elite universities for PGWP duration. A student graduating from a 4-year program at the University of Manitoba and one graduating from the University of Toronto both receive a 3-year PGWP.
Key differences in practice:
| Factor | Australia (485) | Canada (PGWP) |
|---|---|---|
| Maximum duration | 4 years (Go8 graduates) | 3 years |
| University-level differentiation | Yes — Go8 vs non-Go8 | No — all DLIs equal |
| Occupation restriction | None | None |
| Can work for multiple employers | Yes | Yes |
| What comes after | Skilled migration application | Express Entry / CEC |
PR pathways: the decisive long-term comparison
Australia — Skilled Migration
After the 485, Australian PR requires a points-based application under the General Skilled Migration program.
The most common routes:
- Subclass 189 (Independent): No state sponsorship needed; high points threshold; most competitive
- Subclass 190 (State Nominated): State or territory nominates you; gives 5 bonus points; occupation must be on state's skilled occupation list
- Subclass 491 (Regional): Regional nomination; 15 bonus points; must live and work in regional Australia for 3 years before applying for PR (subclass 191)
The points test (current maximums):
| Category | Max Points |
|---|---|
| Age (25–32 = 30 pts) | 30 |
| English — Superior (IELTS 8.0+) | 20 |
| Skilled employment — overseas (8+ years) | 15 |
| Skilled employment — Australian (8+ years) | 20 |
| Education — Australian PhD | 20 |
| Nominated occupation in demand | Variable |
| Typical score needed for 189 invitation | ~85–90+ |
Australia's skilled migration is occupation-sensitive. Some occupations (nursing, engineering, accounting, IT) have strong invitation rates; others face longer waits. The occupation-specific nature means the PR pathway is less predictable than Canada's and requires more active planning around your field.
Canada — Express Entry
Express Entry is Canada's principal economic immigration system. The Canadian Experience Class (CEC) within Express Entry is the primary route for international graduates.
CRS (Comprehensive Ranking System) score factors:
| Category | Key Sub-factors |
|---|---|
| Core human capital | Age, education, language scores (English + French), Canadian work experience |
| Spouse/partner factors | Education, language, Canadian work experience |
| Skill transferability | Education + foreign work experience combinations |
| Additional points | Provincial nomination (+600 pts), arranged employment, sibling in Canada |
The CEC advantage for recent graduates:
A 25-year-old with a Canadian bachelor's degree, IELTS 7.5+, and 12 months of NOC TEER 0/1 Canadian work experience typically scores CRS 460–490 — sufficient for most CEC draws in recent years. The ITA (Invitation to Apply) then triggers a 6-month application window, and PR is typically granted within 6 months of submitting the application.
| Factor | Australia Skilled Migration | Canada Express Entry (CEC) |
|---|---|---|
| Transparency | Moderate — occupation lists, state quotas | High — CRS scores are public; draw history visible |
| Speed after 485/PGWP | 2–4 years typical | 1–2 years typical |
| Occupation dependency | High — on-list occupations only | Lower — TEER 0/1/2/3 is broad |
| Per-country caps | None | None |
| Provincial Nominee Program | State nomination available | PNP gives +600 CRS points (near-guaranteed ITA) |
ℹ️ Australia's 485 + Canada's Express Entry: some students use both sequentially
A smaller but notable group of internationally mobile graduates completes their degree in Australia, works for 2–3 years on a 485 visa, and then moves to Canada — where Australian work experience may contribute to their Canadian Express Entry CRS score. This path is not common and requires significant planning, but it illustrates that Australia and Canada are not mutually exclusive for the most flexibility-oriented students.
Graduate salaries
Technology (software engineering)
| City | New Graduate Salary | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Sydney | AUD $85,000–$110,000 | Strong fintech/SaaS scene; proximity to AWS, Google Sydney |
| Melbourne | AUD $80,000–$105,000 | Strong tech startup ecosystem; Atlassian HQ |
| Toronto | CAD $90,000–$120,000 (≈ AUD $100,000–$133,000) | Growing tech hub; Shopify, Wealthsimple, Cohere |
| Vancouver | CAD $85,000–$110,000 (≈ AUD $94,000–$122,000) | Amazon, Microsoft, Electronic Arts regional offices |
In Australian dollar terms, Toronto and Vancouver technology salaries are slightly higher than Sydney and Melbourne — but the difference is not dramatic at the new graduate level. The major salary gap is versus the US, not between Australia and Canada.
Other fields
| Field | Australia | Canada | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nursing | AUD $70,000–$95,000 | CAD $65,000–$85,000 | Australia has nursing shortage; strong PR pathway |
| Engineering (civil/structural) | AUD $75,000–$100,000 | CAD $65,000–$90,000 | Australia has large infrastructure pipeline |
| Accounting / Finance | AUD $65,000–$90,000 | CAD $60,000–$85,000 | Both cities have strong financial sectors |
| Business / Consulting | AUD $65,000–$90,000 | CAD $65,000–$90,000 | Similar at entry level |
| Education | AUD $75,000–$85,000 | CAD $60,000–$80,000 | Australia's teacher shortage creates premium |
| Medicine (intern) | AUD $75,000–$90,000 | CAD $60,000–$80,000 | Both require additional licensing |
Australia's strong salary for nursing and education reflects genuine occupational shortages — fields where skilled migration PR invitations have historically been more straightforward.
Living costs by city
Rent comparison
| City | Shared Room/Month | 1-Bedroom/Month | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sydney | AUD $1,200–$1,800 | AUD $2,400–$3,200 | Strathfield, Eastwood popular with Korean students |
| Melbourne | AUD $1,000–$1,600 | AUD $2,000–$2,800 | Box Hill, Glen Waverley; cheaper than Sydney |
| Brisbane | AUD $900–$1,400 | AUD $1,700–$2,400 | Significantly cheaper; growing international student city |
| Toronto | CAD $1,400–$2,000 | CAD $2,400–$3,200 | Expensive; Koreatown accessible via subway |
| Vancouver | CAD $1,500–$2,200 | CAD $2,600–$3,500 | Canada's most expensive rental market |
| Montreal | CAD $900–$1,400 | CAD $1,600–$2,200 | Cheapest major Canadian university city; McGill #111 globally |
| Calgary | CAD $1,100–$1,700 | CAD $1,900–$2,700 | Growing tech hub; no provincial income tax in Alberta |
Monthly total comparison (all-in)
| City | Rent | Food | Transport | Other | Monthly Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sydney | AUD $1,400 | AUD $600 | AUD $160 | AUD $200 | AUD $2,360 |
| Melbourne | AUD $1,200 | AUD $550 | AUD $130 | AUD $180 | AUD $2,060 |
| Brisbane | AUD $1,100 | AUD $500 | AUD $110 | AUD $160 | AUD $1,870 |
| Toronto | CAD $1,700 | CAD $600 | CAD $156 | CAD $200 | CAD $2,656 |
| Vancouver | CAD $1,800 | CAD $600 | CAD $100 | CAD $200 | CAD $2,700 |
| Montreal | CAD $1,100 | CAD $500 | CAD $97 | CAD $150 | CAD $1,847 |
In converted terms (AUD/CAD ≈ 0.90): Sydney (AUD $2,360) ≈ CAD $2,622 — almost identical to Toronto (CAD $2,656). Melbourne (AUD $2,060) ≈ CAD $2,289 — cheaper than Toronto and Vancouver. Montreal is the clear cost outlier — roughly 30% cheaper than Sydney or Toronto for comparable living standards.
💡 Montreal is the strongest value option in the Australia-Canada comparison
McGill University ranks #111 globally — higher than most regional Australian universities. Montreal's monthly living cost is approximately 30% below Sydney and Toronto. If cost efficiency is your primary constraint and you are not set on the specific community infrastructure of Sydney's Strathfield or Toronto's Koreatown, Montreal with McGill or Concordia represents exceptional value: strong degree, Express Entry PR pathway, and living costs that make the total Australia vs Canada comparison shift significantly.
Climate and lifestyle
This is an underrated decision factor. Both countries have dramatically different climates, and living through a Toronto winter or a Sydney summer for 2–4 years is a genuine lifestyle experience, not a minor footnote.
| Factor | Australia | Canada |
|---|---|---|
| Winter temperatures (major cities) | Sydney: 8–17°C; Melbourne: 6–13°C — mild | Toronto: −10 to +1°C; Vancouver: 3–9°C (milder); Montreal: −15 to −5°C (severe) |
| Summer temperatures | Sydney: 22–28°C; Melbourne: 20–26°C | Toronto: 22–28°C; Vancouver: 18–24°C; Montreal: 25–30°C |
| Daylight in winter | Sydney: 10+ hours | Toronto: 8–9 hours; Montreal: 8 hours (dark by 4:30 PM) |
| Outdoor lifestyle | Year-round outdoor access — beaches, national parks | Limited in winter months; strong in summer |
| Nature access | Great Barrier Reef, Blue Mountains, Uluru — genuinely world-class | Rocky Mountains, Pacific coast, maple forests — also world-class |
| Seasonal impact on study | Limited — year-round campus activity | Real adjustment for students from tropical/mild climates |
For students from Korea, India, Singapore, or Southeast Asia — where winters are mild — the adjustment to a Montreal or Toronto winter is significant. Australia's year-round mild climate is a genuine quality-of-life advantage that some students underweight when making their decision.
International communities by city
Korean community
| City | Korean Community Size | Korean Neighbourhood | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sydney | 70,000–100,000 | Strathfield, Eastwood, Campsie | One of the world's largest Koreatowns outside Korea |
| Melbourne | 50,000–70,000 | Box Hill, Glen Waverley | Well-established; Korean churches, H-Mart |
| Toronto | 80,000–100,000 | Bloor Korea Town, North York | Large; accessible via transit |
| Vancouver | 45,000–60,000 | Burnaby, Coquitlam | Good community; H-Mart in multiple locations |
Sydney's Strathfield neighbourhood is one of the most developed Korean communities in the world — comparable in density and amenity to Los Angeles Koreatown or Tokyo's Shin-Okubo. For Korean students making their first move abroad, the community infrastructure (Korean restaurants, Korean grocery, Korean church, Korean tutoring centres) in Sydney is unmatched among non-American cities.
Indian community
| City | Size | Key Areas |
|---|---|---|
| Sydney | 700,000+ | Parramatta, Harris Park (India's overseas "Little India"), Seven Hills |
| Melbourne | 500,000+ | Dandenong, Craigieburn, Point Cook |
| Toronto | 700,000+ | Brampton, Mississauga (among world's largest Indian diasporas outside India) |
| Vancouver | 280,000+ | Surrey, Delta, Burnaby |
Both countries have enormous Indian communities. For Indian students, Canada's Brampton/Mississauga corridor and Australia's Parramatta/Harris Park offer similarly well-developed community infrastructure.
Chinese community
| City | Size | Key Areas |
|---|---|---|
| Sydney | 500,000+ | Chatswood, Hurstville, Burwood |
| Melbourne | 400,000+ | Box Hill, Glen Waverley |
| Toronto | 600,000+ | Markham, Scarborough, Richmond Hill |
| Vancouver | 500,000+ | Richmond (majority Chinese-speaking suburb), Burnaby |
Who should choose Australia
- Go8 university students who want maximum post-study work time — 4 years of unrestricted 485 work rights is the best post-study package available in any English-speaking country
- Nursing, engineering, and education graduates — Australia's skilled migration system has historically been receptive to these occupations, and genuine salary premiums exist due to occupational shortages
- Students from warm climates (Korea, India, Southeast Asia) — year-round mild weather in Sydney and Melbourne is a genuine quality-of-life advantage
- Students who want proximity to Asia — Sydney is 9 hours from Seoul, 11 hours from Delhi; meaningfully closer than Toronto (14 hours from Seoul) or Montreal (16+ hours)
- Students where Korean community infrastructure during study matters — Sydney's Strathfield is the benchmark for non-American Korean community quality
- Students in fields that generate strong Australian occupation demand scores — check current 189/190 invitation history for your occupation at immi.homeaffairs.gov.au
Who should choose Canada
- Students who prioritise PR certainty and speed — Express Entry delivers PR in 6–12 months from ITA, with a transparent CRS score system that lets you plan
- Indian students — Canada's Express Entry has no per-country cap; Indian nationals compete on equal terms, making Canada's pathway faster than Australia's for Indian nationals despite both having excellent programs
- Students targeting AI, computer science, or mathematics — University of Toronto and University of Waterloo offer programs that are competitive with or superior to Australian Go8 equivalents in these specific fields
- Cost-conscious students — Montreal (McGill, Concordia) offers a globally ranked degree at living costs approximately 30% below Sydney or Toronto
- Students who would benefit from bilingual environment — Montreal's French-English dynamic is genuinely unique and valued in international careers
Frequently asked questions
Can I use Australian work experience toward Canadian Express Entry points after moving? Yes — foreign skilled work experience contributes to your CRS score under the Federal Skilled Worker (FSW) program's skill transferability factors. However, it is worth less than Canadian work experience — foreign skilled work gives maximum 50 transferability points combined with a Canadian degree, versus up to 80 points for Canadian work experience in the Canadian Experience Class. If you plan to ultimately pursue Canadian PR, spending a year in Canada and building CEC-qualifying experience is more efficient than using Australian experience.
Does studying in Australia restrict me from moving to Canada to work afterward? No. Your Australian degree and work experience are internationally transferable. Many students complete Australian degrees and subsequently move to Canada, where they may apply for work permits, study permits for further education, or eventually Express Entry based on a combination of their Australian experience and new Canadian experience.
Is the Go8 bonus worth choosing a Go8 university over a regional or non-Go8 option? For most students, yes. The 4-year 485 versus 2-year 485 represents 2 additional years of Australian work rights, during which you build occupation-specific experience that both increases your skilled migration points and increases your earning power. Choosing a regional non-Go8 university saves approximately AUD $10,000–$20,000/year in tuition but costs 2 years of post-study work rights — which have significant economic value. Run the numbers specific to your field and situation.
Which country is better for nursing internationally qualified nurses? Both countries have genuine nursing shortages and active PR pathways for qualified nurses. Australia's 485 visa for nursing graduates plus the subclass 190 state-nominated stream has historically been one of the most accessible Australian PR routes. Canada's Express Entry also covers registered nurses under NOC TEER 1 classifications. Australia has a slight edge for nursing-specific PR pathways in recent years, but this changes with policy updates — verify current occupation lists at immi.homeaffairs.gov.au and ircc.canada.ca.
Does the Canada study permit cap affect Koreans or Indians specifically? Canada's 2024 study permit cap reduced total approvals from approximately 560,000 to 360,000. The cap applies to all nationalities. Korean and Indian nationals both apply through the standard stream (neither is eligible for the Student Direct Stream as of 2026). Apply 12+ weeks before your intended arrival date, with complete financial documentation.
For Chinese students, is Australia or Canada better for immigration? Both countries offer post-study PR pathways with no per-country caps. For Chinese nationals specifically, neither country's PR system has the structural backlog that affects Chinese nationals in the US EB-2/EB-3 green card queue. The choice between Australia and Canada for Chinese students is therefore primarily driven by program quality, preferred city, and individual career plans rather than immigration pathway differences. Vancouver has a very large Cantonese and Mandarin community; Sydney similarly has large Chinese communities in Chatswood and Hurstville.
🌏 Compare Australia and Canada side by side
Tuition fees, graduate salaries, living costs, and PR pathway timelines — filterable by field and nationality. See which country makes sense for your specific situation.
🇦🇺 Australia PR pathway — from student visa to permanent residence
The complete guide to the 485 visa, skilled migration points, and state nomination — what Australian PR actually takes in 2026.
Tuition fees reflect 2025–2026 academic year data. Exchange rates (AUD/CAD) reflect approximate April 2026 values and fluctuate. Immigration information — 485 visa durations, skilled migration points, PGWP rules, Express Entry CRS scores — reflects publicly available Home Affairs Australia and IRCC data through early 2026 and is subject to policy revision. QS Rankings from QS World University Rankings 2026. This guide is for general informational purposes and does not constitute immigration or legal advice — consult a registered migration agent (MARA) for Australian PR and a Regulated Canadian Immigration Consultant (RCIC) for Canadian PR advice specific to your situation.