Evidence library
Sources
Official and primary references are organised by country. Each country record explains which data is used, how it is interpreted, its coverage and its limits. Method definitions and calculation rules are documented separately.
Read the methodologyAustralia
Salary, student costs, academic calendar, workforce demand, institutions and visa pathways.
View country sourcesAdditional comparison references
Canada
Occupation salaries, student budgets, academic calendar, labour projections, institutions and study pathways.
View country sourcesAdditional comparison references
United States
Wages, student budgets, tuition, academic calendar, employment projections, institutions and student visas.
View country sourcesAdditional comparison references
United Kingdom
Earnings, student costs, tuition, wages, academic calendar, workforce demand, institutions and student visas.
View country sourcesAdditional comparison references
Ireland
Earnings, living costs, tuition, wages, academic calendar, critical skills, institutions and student permissions.
View country sourcesAdditional comparison references
Germany
Salary, living costs, education, workforce and immigration references.
View country sourcesNetherlands
Salary, living costs, education, workforce and immigration references.
View country sourcesBelgium
Salary, living costs, education, workforce and immigration references.
View country sourcesFrance
Salary, living costs, education, workforce and immigration references.
View country sourcesSpain
Salary, student costs, education, workforce, institutions and immigration references.
View country sourcesSingapore
Salary, student costs, education, workforce, institutions and immigration references.
View country sourcesSouth Korea
Salary, student costs, education, workforce, institutions and immigration references.
View country sourcesJapan
Salary, student costs, education, workforce, institutions and immigration references.
View country sourcesNew Zealand
Salary, student costs, education, workforce, institutions and immigration references.
View country sourcesShared reference
Currency conversion is a display aid and does not replace the original local-currency record.
Frankfurter exchange rates